Although there are multiple ways to view foreknowledge—as it relates to God—both of the following end with limited atonement. If we agree that God is omniscient— Having universal knowledge or knowledge of all things; infinitely knowing; all-seeing; as the omniscient God. [Webster 1828]
Calvinist Foreknowledge
The foreknowledge is an intimate knowing of specific individuals. For whom he did foreknow. (he will, Romans 8:29-30) According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world. (Ephesians 1:4) As opposed to those whom Jesus says, “I never knew you.” (Matthew 7:21-23). With this specific foreknowledge, we find the (actual applied) atonement is limited to the individuals whom the Father gives to the Son. (John 6:37)
non Calvinist Foreknowledge
The foreknowledge is God—not merely knowing all choices persons may make, but specifically—knowing who will accept Christ and who will deny him. Since God does not learn, nor can he be wrong. With this specific foreknowledge, we find the (actual applied) atonement is limited to the individuals whom the Father knows will accept the Son. One may argue choice, but God’s foreknowledge of that choice makes it unchangeable.
Therefore, both the non Calvinist and Calvinist are left with limited atonement. The Calvinist by way of the Father’s choice to give the elect to the Son. The non Calvinist by way of the Father knowing the choice of those who will accept him. Of course there is more to the understanding of each to get to this point, but in the end, both are faced with limited atonement by the foreknowledge of God.
How would arguing a potential atonement for all/everyone offer anymore to those God knows will reject him (nC) than to those who are non elect (C)? What would be the purpose of a general atonement meant to save no one specifically or the purpose of an atonement for those God knows will not come to Jesus Christ? The argument seems to focus on who is making the choice. Individuals choosing God, because he first chose them. Or, God choosing individuals, because he foreknew they would choose him. In either case, the atonement is limited to God’s foreknowledge.
Jesus said: “I lay down my life for the sheep.” (John 10:11, 15)
He never mentions laying it down for the goat, the dog, the sow.
**this does not consider Molinism (Middle Knowledge)—a viewpoint few are likely familiar with, so most would not argue from.
CnC.Today 